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Toe measures the angle of the wheels compared to straight ahead when viewed from above. Negative toe angles indicate toe-in (wheels point inward) while positive toe is “toe-out” with the wheels pointing outward.
More front toe-in
More front toe-out
Less rear toe-in
More rear toe-in
Toe-out should generally be avoided in the rear.
Anti-squat angle (aka "anti-dive") is the angle at which the suspension pins are tilted upward at the front when viewed from the side of the car. 0 degree anti-squat indicates the pins are parallel with the chassis.
More anti-squat
Less anti-squat
Pivot width, or pin width, is the distance between the lower suspension arm pivots where they attach to the bulkhead. It is usually set with the lower suspension arm mounts (often known as C/D mounts or RF/RR mounts).
Narrower rear pivots
Wider rear pivots
Pivot width will also affect track width, unless shorter arms are used or the hubs are brought inward.
Track width measures the overall width of the car. It is usually adjusted by using different wheel hexes or using washers at the axle, but using different length suspension arms or changing the width of the suspension pivots will also affect track width.
Wider front track
Narrower front track
Wider rear track
Narrower rear track
Pivot height describes the vertical position of the inner, lower suspension arm pins.
Lower pivot height
Higher pivot height
In brief, roll center is a way to measure how eager the car is to lean into turns. If you lower the car’s roll center, its chassis will roll side-to-side more, and that transfer of weight to the outside wheels creates extra grip on that side.
Lower front roll center
Higher front roll center
Lower rear roll center
Higher rear roll center
Changes to the lower suspension arm typically have a larger impact than changes to the camber link.
The roll center is affected by many different changes to the suspension, including camber link length, camber link ball stud locations, arm length, pin height, axle height, and others.
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